Who Wrote Quran

 The Quran isn't only the Holiest Book for Muslims; it's also unique in the sense that it's the last Divine Book,  transferred down to earth for the benefit and guidance of  humanity. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the last Prophet and Messenger of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى and the Quran is the last Divine words that were revealed to him. The Quran was revealed to him in  corridor over around 23 times.   Conserving the original  textbook of the Quran was a  pivotal task. The disclosure of the Quran started in 610 CE and was completed in 632 CE, just before the Prophet departed from this world. At that time, no  installations were available to  save the  textbook of the Quran. also, the  knowledge rate in the Arab region was  veritably low. Only a many people had jotting chops.   Hence, the  high source of conserving the Quran was memorization. The Arabs were  relatively skillful in  learning any important script, just like they  learned  runes of the  notorious  muses of their time. The same skill formed the base of the preservation of the words of the Quran. still,  contemporaneously, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ entrusted the task of recording these Divine words in writing to his companions( Sahabah).   History of the Writing of the Quran  The words of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى, revealed upon the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, were  originally written by his close companions, side by side, through memorization by  numerous of them. The pattern was that the Prophet recited the Quranic verses ’  exposures before his companions. Those who had the jotting chops used to record these verses in jotting and those who did n’t have the jotting chops  learned these words by heart.   The material used for writing at that time was  carnal skin, tree stalks, and thin gravestone  wastes. In the  veritably early stages of the disclosure of the Quran, the Prophet advised his companions not to write anything other than the words of the Quran. This advice encouraged them to  study and write down only the Quranic verses to  cover the Quran from any addition or  omission.   Per the traditions, it's believed that the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Hadrat Ali رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ was the first of the companion of the Prophet, who started writing the words of the Quran. Soon  later, the Prophet  deputized the most  secure people among his companions to write down the Quran as it was revealed upon him and recited by him before them. piecemeal from all the four Rashidun Caliphs, the  platoon comprised  famed companions  similar as Abdullah Ibn Amr Ibn Al- Aas, Muawiah Ibn Abi Sufyan, and Zayd Ibn Thabit, رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ and a many others.   The Quranic cants  The Quran was revealed in the Arabic language, as it was the native language of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and his people. The 44th verse of Surah Fussilat narrates this fact as follows   وَلَوْ جَعَلْنٰہُ قُرْاٰنًا اَعْجَمِيًّا لَّـقَالُوْا لَوْلَا فُصِّلَتْ اٰيٰتُہٗ ۝۰ۭؔ ءَ اَعْجَمِيٌّ وَّعَرَبِيٌّ۝۰ۭ قُلْ ہُوَ لِلَّذِيْنَ اٰمَنُوْا ہُدًى وَّشِفَاۗءٌ۝۰ۭ وَ الَّذِيْنَ لَا يُؤْمِنُوْنَ فِيْۗ اٰذَانِہِمْ وَقْرٌ وَّہُوَعَلَيْہِمْ عَمًى۝۰ۭ اُولٰۗىِٕكَ يُنَادَوْنَ مِنْ مَّكَانٍؚبَعِيْدٍ   restatement   Had We revealed this as anon-Arabic Qur’an they would have said “ Why were its verses not  easily expounded? How strange, anon-Arabic  Book and an Arab  followership! ” Tell them “ It's a guidance and a  mending to the religionists. But to those who don't believe, it serves as a draw in their  cognizance and a covering over their eyes. It's as if they're being called from a place far down   Arabic is an eloquent language and the Quranic verses are indeed more eloquent. The Quranic verses were revealed in seven  cants popular with the Arabs, as mentioned in the Hadith number 3219 of Sahih Al- Bukhari.   restatement   recited Ibn Abbas Allah’s Messenger( ﷺ) said, “ Gabriel read the Qur’an to me in one way( i.e.  shoptalk) and I continued asking him to read it in different ways till he read it in seven different ways. ”   compendium of the Quran  Hazrat Ibn Abbas رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ, a  kinsman of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, states that it was the Prophet’s routine to recite the entire Quran in the month of Ramadan before the Angel Gabriel. He further narrates that in the last month of his life, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ recited the entire Quran before the Angel Gabriel  doubly. This way, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ assured the authentication of the original script of the Quran, which was passed on to his companions.   The Quran was,  thus,  saved in the hearts of the companions of the Prophet and in the shape of written  textbook, which was kept collectively by the scribes. During the  period of the first Rashidun Caliph, Hadrat Abu Bakr رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ the battle of Yamama was fought. 70 most  famed memorizers of the Quran embraced Shahadah( Martyrdom) in this war. The Caliph and his close associates,  similar as Hadrat Umar رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ, were  relatively concerned over this development. It was suggested by Hazrat Umar رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ that the Quran should be  collected in the form of a consolidated book to  insure that it's  saved in its  factual  textbook. After thoughtful consideration, the suggestion was accepted by the Caliph.   So, Hazrat Zayd Ibn Thabit رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ was assigned the task of  compendium of the Quranic verses in one consolidated book. This  veritably important but sensitive task was  also initiated by Hazrat Zayd Ibn Thabit رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ. He  recited this in Hadith number 4989 of Sahih Al- Bukhari, as follows   restatement – recited Zaid bin Thabit Abu Bakr  transferred for me and said, “ You used to write the Divine exposures for Allah’s Messenger( ﷺ) So you should search for( the Qur’an and collect) it. ” I started searching for the Qur’an till I  set up the last two Verses of Surat at- Tauba with Abi Khuza ima Al- Ansari and I couldn't find these Verses with anybody other than him.( They were) ‘ Verily there has come unto you an Apostle( Muhammad) from amongst yourselves. It grieves him that you should admit any injury or difficulty ’(9.128- 129)   Once all the Quranic  exposures were consolidated in the form of a book, the Caliph Abu Bakr رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ kept this  compendium with him. It was  also passed on to the coming Caliph Hazrat Umar رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ. While at his deathbed, Caliph Umar رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا handed over this  compendium of the Quran to his son Hazrat Hafsa رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا who was also the  woman

             of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. This happens to be the first  compendium of the Quran.   Final compendium of the Quran  As the Islamic Caliphate expanded beyond the Arab region, during the  period of Hadrat Uthman رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ, over to Egypt, Syrian and Iran, thenon-Arabic Muslims faced in difficulty in reading the Quran in its exact  shoptalk by the new converts. Hence,  collecting the Quran in a unified  textbook was necessary to avoid  misreading and wrong enumeration. The task was again entrusted to the  famed scribe of the Quran, Hadrat Zayd Ibn Thabit رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا.   The task was initiated in the time 650 CE by the Caliph Uthman رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ. He requested Hadrat Hafsa رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا. to  save the  textbook of the Quran with her so that  clones can be created. The script was given to a commission comprising Zayd Bin Thabit, ‘ Abdullah Ibn Al- Zubayr, Sa’eed Ibn Al- ‘ As, and ‘ Abd Al- Rahman Ibn Harith Ibn Hisham رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ. They were assigned the duty of making several  clones of this original  interpretation of the Quran in the Arabic shoptalk of the Meccan  lineage Quraysh so that all the Muslims could follow this unified  textbook.   These  clones of the Quran were  also  transferred to Kufa, Damascus, and Basra. It was instructed by the Caliph to destroy all the individual  effects of the Quranic verses so that the  factual and original script of the Quran should remain with everyone in a unified  shoptalk. The Caliph Uthman رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ is  thus appertained to as “ Jami- al Quran ”( Compiler of the Quran) due to this  pivotal work on the  compendium of the Quran. He gathered the entire Islamic world of his time to agree upon the original and unified  textbook of the Quran.   Hence, the Quran was  saved without any  crimes, deletions, or additions. Allah has taken the responsibility of conserving it  ever, as mentioned in the 9th verse of Surah Al- Hijr.   اِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَاِنَّا لَہٗ لَحٰفِظُوْنَ   restatement – As for the Admonition, indeed it's We Who have revealed it and it's indeed We Who are its guardians.   Punctuations and Diacritics in the Quran  The Quran was firstly written without any punctuation and diacritics, as the Arabs could read it  rightly without any  similar marks. With the expansion of Islamic Rule in the areas outside of the Arab, thenon-Arabs  set up it  delicate to read the Quran with the correct pronunciation. Hence, it was necessary to add punctuation marks and diacritics in the Quran to helpnon-Arabs read  rightly. While the punctuation marks  companion the  anthology to give a pause or  else during the enumeration, diacritics were aimed at easing the pronunciation of the words  rightly. This is also known as Tajweed.   This critical task was initiated during the  period of Umayyad Caliph Abd Al- Malik. During this  period, Abu’l Aswad Al- Du’ali introduced the Arabic alphabet rules and started  enforcing them in the Quran. latterly on, Hajjaj Ibn Yousuf, a Ummayad Governor,  executed these rules. So, the punctuation marks and diacritics were added in the Quran to  grease the  compendiums , enabling them to recite it precisely in the way it was revealed.